国际看点 2022-07-01 08:30

A military person patrols a the start of the work on the first part of a 180 kilometers (115 miles) and 5.5 meter (18ft)-high me<em></em>tal wall intended to block migrants from Belarus crossing illegally into EU territory, in Tolcze, near Kuznica, Poland, Jan. 27, 2022. A year after migrants started crossing into the European Unio<em></em>n from Belarus to Poland, Polish authorities are planning to announce Thursday that a 5.5-meter-tall steel wall along its border to the north with Belarus is set to be completed.Polish security forces block migrants stuck on the border with Belarus in Usnarz Gorny, Poland, Sept. 1, 2021. A year after migrants started crossing into the European Unio<em></em>n from Belarus to Poland, Polish authorities are planning to announce Thursday that a 5.5-meter-tall steel wall along its border to the north with Belarus is set to be completed. The purpose of the wall is to keep out asylum seekers fleeing co<em></em>nflict and poverty in the Middle East and Africa.Migrants settle at a logistics center at the checkpoint logistics center "Bruzgi" at the Belarus-Poland border near Grodno, Belarus, Dec. 22, 2021. A year after migrants started crossing into the European Unio<em></em>n from Belarus to Poland, Polish authorities are planning to announce Thursday that a 5.5-meter-tall steel wall along its border to the north with Belarus is set to be completed. The purpose of the wall is to keep out asylum seekers fleeing co<em></em>nflict and poverty in the Middle East and Africa.An asylum seeker from Syria who has been taken into custody by Polish border guards holds a paper saying "I ask for asylum in Poland," in Harkawicze, Poland, Dec. 1, 2021. A year after migrants started crossing into the European Unio<em></em>n from Belarus to Poland, Polish authorities are planning to announce Thursday that a 5.5-meter-tall steel wall along its border to the north with Belarus is set to be completed. The purpose of the wall is to keep out asylum seekers fleeing co<em></em>nflict and poverty in the Middle East and Africa.A local Muslim community buried a Yemeni migrant Mustafa Mohammed Murshed Al-Raimi, in Bohoniki, Poland, Sunday, Nov. 21, 2021. The person is one of a<em></em>bout a dozen people from the Middle East and elsewher<em></em>e who have died in a area of forests and bogs along the Poland-Belarus border amid a standoff involving migrants between the two countries. A year after migrants started crossing into the European Unio<em></em>n from Belarus to Poland, Polish authorities are planning to announce Thursday that a 5.5-meter-tall steel wall along its border to the north with Belarus is set to be completed.Workers and heavy machinery working on the first part of some 180 kilometers (115 miles) and 5.5 meter (18ft)-high me<em></em>tal wall intended to block migrants from Belarus crossing illegally into EU territory, in Tolcze, near Kuznica, Poland, Jan. 27, 2022. A year after migrants started crossing into the European Unio<em></em>n from Belarus to Poland, Polish authorities are planning to announce Thursday that a 5.5-meter-tall steel wall along its border to the north with Belarus is set to be completed.Guards and the military watching the start of work on the first part of a 180 kilometers (115 miles) and 5.5 meter (18ft)-high me<em></em>tal wall intended to block migrants from Belarus crossing illegally into EU territory, in Tolcze, near Kuznica, Poland, Jan. 27, 2022. A year after migrants started crossing into the European Unio<em></em>n from Belarus to Poland, Polish authorities are planning to announce Thursday that a 5.5-meter-tall steel wall along its border to the north with Belarus is set to be completed.The hands of two refugees from Syria, who came to Europe from Belarus border, as they give an Interview to the Associated Press in Berlin, Germany, Monday, June 27, 2022. One of them left Syria late last year, he read on social media that the easiest way to cross into the European Unio<em></em>n was to fly to Belarus and then walk across the border to Poland.A refugee from Syria ,who came to Europe from Belarus border, shows a photo on a mobile phone picturing a fireplace in a forest as he said was taken during his travel between Belarus and Poland during an interview with The Associated Press in Berlin, Germany, Monday, June 27, 2022.

波兰华沙(美联社)——在移民开始从白俄罗斯进入波兰进入欧盟一年后,波兰总理Mateusz Morawiecki预计将于周四访问边境地区,以纪念新钢墙的完工。

周五,波兰当局还将解除边境沿线的紧急状态,该状态阻止记者、人权工作者和其他人目睹人权危机。至少有20名移民在该地区冰冷的森林和沼泽中死亡。

随着波兰向数百万逃离俄罗斯入侵的乌克兰人敞开大门,该国与白俄罗斯接壤的北部边境线上长达186公里(115英里)的5.5米(18英尺)高围墙的修建工作也在顺利进行

它的目的是将另一种类型的难民拒之门外:那些逃离中东和非洲的冲突和贫困的难民,他们被白俄罗斯的威权政权鼓励去碰碰运气——白俄罗斯是俄罗斯的亲密盟友——作为与欧盟不和的一部分。

32岁的阿里就是其中之一。去年年底,他在社交媒体上看到进入欧盟最简单的方式是飞往白俄罗斯,然后步行进入波兰,之后他离开了叙利亚。

阿里来自叙利亚西部哈马郊外的一个村庄,他飞到白俄罗斯首都明斯克,开始在森林里找一个无人看管的地方,在那里他可以偷偷进入欧盟。

“我在寻找一个安全的地方,远离家乡的压迫和绝望,”他本周在柏林接受美联社(the Associated Press)采访时说。

由于担心对家人造成影响,阿里没有透露自己的姓氏,他没有准备好面对在广袤的森林和沼泽中等待他的暴力和零度以下的气温。

阿里说:“有几个晚上,我睡在树林里光秃秃的地面上,以为自己再也不会醒来了。”

人权活动人士看到邻国乌克兰难民的不同待遇存在双重标准。这些斯拉夫难民主要是基督徒、女性和白人,而那些来自遥远的中东和非洲的难民,其中许多是穆斯林和男性。

“如果你在乌克兰边境让难民搭车,你就是英雄。如果你在白俄罗斯边境这样做,你就是个走私犯,可能要坐8年牢,”帮助难民的波兰非政府组织开放之家(Open House)的创始人兼首席执行官娜塔莉亚·格伯特(Natalia Gebert)说。

在白俄罗斯总统亚历山大·卢卡申科开始鼓励中东地区的难民前往明斯克之前,白俄罗斯从来都不是进入欧盟的主要移民路线。很快,来自叙利亚、伊拉克、也门、阿富汗和非洲国家的人涌入欧盟东部边缘,进入波兰和邻国立陶宛和拉脱维亚。

欧盟领导人指责卢卡申科发动了“混合战争”,以报复欧盟对卡扎菲政权对待异见人士的制裁。波兰政府说,考虑到卢卡申科与俄罗斯总统普京的盟友关系,俄罗斯是同谋。

格伯特说,尽管冬季移民速度放缓,但人们仍试图通过波兰进入欧盟,这条路线被认为没有穿越地中海危险,过去几年很多人在地中海溺亡。

阿里在叙利亚的小化妆品生意在逊尼派极端分子得知他属于阿拉维派宗教少数派后被摧毁,他说他曾六次被波兰边境警卫击退。

但是白俄罗斯警卫殴打了他,偷走了他的钱,并强迫他在冬天脱掉所有的衣服。他想放弃,回到明斯克,但警卫不让他这么做。他们让他和其他人躺在冰冷的地上,朝他们尖叫,带着一条狂吠的狗靠近阿里,不断地踢他的胸部。

他说,波兰边境巡逻人员弄坏了他手机的SIM卡。他几天没有水和食物,迷失在沼泽中。

人权观察组织(Human Rights Watch)本月的一份报告称,波兰“将移民和寻求庇护者粗暴地赶回白俄罗斯,这种做法是非法的,有时甚至是暴力的,他们在白俄罗斯面临着严重的虐待,包括边境警卫和其他安全部队的殴打和强奸。”

大赦国际也详细描述了严重的侵犯人权行为。

波兰政府发言人没有对人权组织的指控做出回应。

虽然一些波兰人支持政府的强硬立场,但许多边境地区的居民整个冬天和春天都在寻求帮助被困在森林中的移民,其中一些人需要医疗帮助。

本周,一出名为《责任》(Responsibility)的戏剧在华沙首演,它询问波兰如何能在接受数百万乌克兰人的同时,拒绝帮助成千上万的其他人。其中一个角色问道:“为什么波兰政府要求一个来自阿勒颇的孩子坐在零下温度的沼泽里,而不给这个来自马里乌波尔的孩子提供援助?”

阿里在森林里待了16天,然后他和其他人用钳子在边境围栏上开了一个洞。一些村民给了他食物和水,但很快他就被警方逮捕并带到看守所。

在接下来的三个月里,他辗转于几个封闭的集中营。

他说,警卫拿着警棍和电击枪,每次把他转移到另一个集中营之前,他们都会让他和其他囚犯在公共场合脱光衣服。没有人称呼他的名字,只有一个身份证号。

今年3月,他拿到了证件,被带到华沙西南奥特雷布希的德巴克外国人中心,在那里,他被告知:“走开,去德国。”

阿里于4月抵达柏林,并申请庇护。人权活动人士和心理学家记录了他和其他寻求庇护者的描述,这些人说他们遭受了白俄罗斯和波兰边境警卫的虐待。

“我在这里感觉好多了。人们又叫我的名字了,”阿里说。“但我一直担心德国人会把我送回波兰。”

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Grieshaber在柏林报道。