国际看点 2022-06-30 09:30

People relax at sunset on the Po riverbed next to Po<em></em>nte della Becca (Becca Bridge) in Linarolo, near Pavia, Italy, Monday, June 27, 2022. Italy's largest river, which is turning into a long stretch of sand due to the lack of rain, is leaving the Lomellina rice flats — nestled between the river Po and the Alps — without the necessary water to flood the paddies.Rice farmer Giovanni Daghetta stands on a dried rice field, as he makes a call with a smartphone in Mortara, Lomellina area, Italy, Monday, June 27, 2022. The worst drought Italy has faced in 70 years is thirsting the rice paddies of the river Po valley, jeopardizing the precious harvest of the Italian premium rice used for the tasty risotto.Boat houses sit on the Po river, in Linarolo, near Pavia, Italy, Saturday, June 25, 2022. The largest Italian river Po is turning into a long stretch of sand due to the lack of rain, leaving the Lomellina rice flats without the water necessary to flood the paddies.A water gauge plunges in the sand of the Po riverbed under Po<em></em>nte della Becca (Becca Bridge), in Linarolo, near Pavia, Italy, Saturday, June 25, 2022. The largest Italian river Po is turning into a long stretch of sand due to the lack of rain, leaving the Lomellina rice flats without the water necessary to flood the paddies.Rice farmer Giovanni Daghetta walks on a rice field as the dewatering pump gets water from a channel to a dried rice field, in Mortara, Lomellina area, Italy, Monday, June 27, 2022. The worst drought Italy has faced in 70 years is thirsting the rice paddies of the river Po valley, jeopardizing the precious harvest of the Italian premium rice used for the tasty risotto.Rice fields grow as a dewatering pump gets water from a channel to irrigate it, in Mortara, Lomellina area, Italy, Monday, June 27, 2022. The worst drought Italy has faced in 70 years is thirsting the rice paddies of the river Po valley, jeopardizing the precious harvest of the Italian premium rice used for the tasty risotto.Archbishop Mario Delpini blesses a field with holy water in front of the San Martino Olearo church, in Mediglia, northern Italy, Saturday, June 25, 2022. Delpini visited three churches that serve the farming communities on the outskirts of Milan during the worst drought Italy has faced in 70 years.The feather of a bird lies on a completely dried rice field, in Mortara, Lomellina area, Italy, Monday, June 27, 2022. The worst drought Italy has faced in 70 years is thirsting paddy fields in the river Po valley and jeopardizing the harvest of the premium rice used for risotto.Boys paddle on low water levels of the Naviglio Grande river channel in Milan, Italy, Thursday, June 23, 2022. The worst drought Italy has faced in 70 years is thirsting paddy fields in the river Po valley and jeopardizing the harvest of the premium rice used for risotto.A white heron looks for food on the Po river, in Linarolo, near Pavia, Italy, Monday, June 27, 2022. Italy's largest river, which is turning into a long stretch of sand due to the lack of rain, is leaving the Lomellina rice flats — nestled between the river Po and the Alps — without the necessary water to flood the paddies.

意大利莫塔拉(美联社)——意大利正面临着70年来最严重的干旱,波河流域的水田正处于干旱之中,用来做意大利烩饭的优质大米的收成也受到了威胁。

由于缺少雨水,意大利最大的河流变成了一大片沙子,使得位于波河和阿尔卑斯之间的洛梅里纳水稻平原没有必要的水来淹没稻田。

在莫塔拉镇,稻农乔瓦尼·达格塔走过一片枯萎的稻田,他说:“正常情况下,这片土地应该被2到5厘米(0.8到2英寸)的水淹没,但现在它看起来像是在沙滩上。”那里的农民已经生产了几个世纪著名的阿博里奥大米:这种当地品种的宽粒大米非常适合吸收意大利烩饭的味道。

根据联合国粮食及农业组织,干旱是对水稻最具破坏性的因素,尤其是在其生长的早期阶段。热浪,像那些多次以40摄氏度(104华氏度)的峰值袭击意大利的热浪,会显著降低存活水稻的产量。

Daghetta说:“这片稻田已经两周没有灌溉了,90%的植物已经完全干了。”“剩下的10%,还有一点绿色,迫切需要在两三天内用水淹没。”但由于预报未来会有更多的干旱天气,达格塔对这种情况的发生不抱太大希望。

由于降雨不足,意大利多个地区的州长宣布进入紧急状态,以节约用水并协调对有限资源的管理。

据西塞西亚灌溉协会称,该地区的主要水源——波河和朵拉巴尔蒂亚河的水位比平均季节性水位低八倍,该协会通过蜿蜒在稻田里的迷宫般的水道来调节水的分配。

西塞西亚协会主席Stefano Bondesa说:“我们从波河接收到的流量应该是每秒16万升(42270加仑),而目前的流量大约是每秒3万到6万升(7925到15850加仑)。”

由于缺水,邦德萨被迫做出一些不受欢迎的决定,最近决定停止灌溉杨树、果树和第二种作物,优先种植水稻。

沿着河流流域的上游和下游地区之间,以及水力发电厂和农民之间的紧张关系开始加剧,他们都在争夺同样日益减少的资源。如果降雨不能很快缓解意大利水库的干涸,人们担心接下来可能会发生更大的冲突。

就连意大利最富裕的城市也受到了干旱的影响。米兰市长于周六签署了一项法令,关闭公共装饰喷泉的水龙头以节约用水。

米兰大主教马里奥·德尔皮尼(Mario Delpini)周六朝圣,为“雨水的礼物”祈祷。德尔皮尼参观了米兰郊区为农业社区服务的三所教堂。他诵读了《玫瑰经》,并用圣水祝福了圣马丁·奥莱罗·迪·麦迪利亚教堂前的一片土地。

周二,米兰和意大利北部部分地区被几场零星阵雨暂时缓解,看来他的祈祷至少有一部分被听到了。

但大多数地区的情况仍在恶化。波河和提契诺河之间的沙滩上,一个河床变成的海滩吸引了当地居民寻找一个日光浴的地方。

皮耶罗·梅尔坎蒂(Piero Mercanti)现在经常和他的伙伴一起来到沙质河床,他一直在关注水位的下降。

他说:“上周日,我们在地上插了一些木棍,来测量一周内河水的退去量。”一周后回来时,他注意到河水又退了26级。

意大利一个农业游说团体本周表示,意大利的干旱正威胁着约30亿欧元(31亿美元)的农业。意大利农业生产者联合会估计,当季收成的30-40%将因此损失。

尽管异常高温和缺乏降雨是造成目前这场危机的原因,但意大利的水务基础设施却是出了名的浪费,据国家统计局估计,每年分配网络中有42%的饮用水流失,其中很大一部分原因是管道老化和维护不善。

意大利民防机构正在从各地区和国家各部收集信息,建议受影响地区进入更大范围的紧急状态。北部数百个城镇和城市已经通过了各种命令,呼吁负责任地使用水,以避免实行定量配给。

___

美联社的气候与环境报道得到了几家私人基金会的支持。点击这里查看更多关于美联社气候倡议的内容。美联社对所有内容全权负责。